Certainly, during these years, he learned a great deal about poverty, which often appears in many of his subsequent novels. For about two years, he existed in abject want while trying to find some type of suitable employment. After failing to pass the examinations for his baccalaureate, Zola lived what might be accurately called the life of the poverty-stricken poet. The father died when Zola was about nine years old, leaving the mother and Emile in extreme financial straits. Zola was born in Paris, the only child of an Italian immigrant and a French mother. Equally important, he became known as one of the great champions of the downtrodden, and he never hesitated to allow his name to be added to any cause. Aside from the colossal amount of literary output, which includes novels, dramas, poetry, and criticism, he also dominated the theoretical side of literary endeavor. He was perhaps one of the most famous and controversial figures ever known on the French literary scene. Emile Zola (1840-1902) made his presence known in almost every aspect of society during his life.
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